Abstract To further improve the strike accuracy and penetration power of explosively-formed projectile (EFP) after long-distance flight, a polygonal charge capable of forming EFP with tail fins was designed during the study. A model for calculating the EFP velocity was derived from the effective charge and detonation projection theories with the integration of calculus. The circumferential velocity distributions of EFP formed using polygonal charges were obtained using this model, and the mechanisms underlying the formation of tail fins were elucidated. The feasibility of using this polygonal charge to form tail fin EFP was verified by conducting multi-media soft recovery tests and numerical simulations. Furthermore, the feasibility of forming tail fin EFP using polygonal charges with different numbers of sides and the effects of the structural parameters of a hexagonal charge on the formation of tail fin EFP were investigated by simulation. The ranges of optimal values for the structural parameters of a hexagonal charge capable of forming high-performance tail fin EFPs were determined. explosivelyformed explosively (EFP longdistance long distance flight study calculus elucidated multimedia multi media simulations Furthermore simulation highperformance high performance determined

RESUMO Introdução O futebol é um esporte com boa aceitação entre os universitários contemporâneos, integra a competição, o entretenimento e a aptidão física. Porém há poucos estudos demonstrando as vantagens concretas encontradas nos jogadores universitários. Objetivo Explorar o impacto do futebol no desempenho físico dos universitários. Métodos Um total de 100 universitários voluntários na classe fundamental 1-3 praticantes de futebol, com idade de 19.2±2.1 anos, foram avaliados por bateria de testes em áreas de composição corporal, função corporal e aptidão física. Os resultados foram confrontados com os dados literários, e o experimento passou por método estatístico matemático, para separar a intervenção do futebol e realizar pesquisas empíricas sobre a saúde física. Resultados Após a intervenção de curso eletivo de 18 semanas, os resultados de corrida de 50 metros e 1000 metros mudaram significativamente, especialmente o desempenho da corrida de 1000 metros melhorou muito, a diferença foi muito significativa (P<0,01). Conclusão O futebol é um esporte que melhora a função física e a qualidade dos universitários, além de validar-se como mais propício para a manutenção da saúde física dos universitários. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação de resultados.

ABSTRACT Introduction Football is a sport with good acceptance among contemporary university students; it integrates competition, entertainment, and physical fitness. However, few studies demonstrate the concrete advantages found in college players. Objective Explore the impact of football on the physical performance of university students. Methods 100 university volunteers in elementary class 1-3 soccer practitioners, aged 19.2±2.1 years, were evaluated by a battery of tests in body composition, body function, and physical fitness. The results were compared with the literary data, and the experiment went through a mathematical, statistical method to separate the soccer intervention and conduct empirical research on physical health. Results After the 18-week elective course intervention, the 50m and 1000m sprint results changed significantly, especially the 1000m sprint performance greatly improved; the difference was significant (P<0.01). Conclusion Soccer is a sport that improves the physical function and quality of university students and is more conducive to maintaining the physical health of university students. Evidence level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.

RESUMEN Introducción El fútbol es un deporte con buena aceptación entre los estudiantes universitarios contemporáneos, que integra la competición, el entretenimiento y la forma física. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que demuestren las ventajas concretas encontradas en los jugadores universitarios. Objetivo Explorar el impacto del fútbol en el desempeño físico de los estudiantes universitarios. Métodos Un total de 100 voluntarios universitarios en el grado elemental 1-3 que practicaban el fútbol, con una edad de 19,2±2,1 años, fueron evaluados mediante una batería de pruebas en áreas de composición corporal, función corporal y aptitud física. Los resultados se confrontaron con los datos de la literatura, y el experimento pasó por el método estadístico matemático, para separar la intervención del fútbol y realizar una investigación empírica sobre la salud física. Resultados Después de la intervención del curso electivo de 18 semanas, los resultados de la carrera de 50 metros y de 1000 metros cambiaron significativamente, especialmente el rendimiento de la carrera de 1000 metros mejoró mucho, la diferencia fue muy significativa (P<0,01). Conclusión El fútbol es un deporte que mejora la función y la calidad física de los estudiantes universitarios, y se valida como más propicio para mantener la salud física de los estudiantes universitarios. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Abstract The effect of Maillard reaction browning factors on the color enhancement of membrane clarification non-centrifugal cane sugar (M-NCS) in storage was explored. During storage, the color of M-NCS gradually browned and blackened. pH, the contents of glucose, fructose, protein, total amino acids and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) decreased significantly. Meanwhile, the moisture content, relative percentages of volatile Maillard reaction products (MRPs) and the content of 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) increased during storage. The sucrose content remained stable. Correlation analysis shows all browning factors were significantly correlated with color. Multivariate data analysis results demonstrated that the compound effects of volatile MRPs, 3-DG, pH, glucose and total amino acids led to the color change of stored M-NCS. The order of effect on the color change of stored M-NCS was volatile MRPs > 3-DG > pH > glucose > total amino acids.

RESUMO Introdução: A formação e propagação de ondas dos batimentos cardíacos resultam principalmente da coordenação entre o coração e o sistema vascular. A contração e o relaxamento do coração produzem ondas de batimento cardíaco. A aorta vibra regularmente a medida em que o coração se contrai. A vibração se propaga no vaso sanguíneo elástico para formar uma onda de batimento cardíaco. Esta onda contém informações fisiológicas e patológicas muito ricas sobre o sistema cardiovascular. Se há algum problema com a estrutura cardíaca, ondas anormais podem resultar. Objetivo: Este estudo analisa as alterações em ondas de batimentos cardíacos e o fluxo sanguíneo durante treinos de intervalos de alta intensidade. Combina os resultados dos testes para orientar o tratamento de exercícios de reabilitação em pacientes com doenças crônicas. Métodos: Ondas de batimentos cardíacos foram coletadas de indivíduos praticando exercícios com cargas diferentes. As características dos parâmetros das ondas de batimento cardíaco relacionadas a exercícios intermitentes foram estudadas. Resultados: A resposta das ondas de batimentos de atletas é diferente em exercícios intermitentes de alta intensidade. Existem diferenças na resposta cardiovascular de pacientes com diferentes pesos corporais. Conclusão: O exercício de intervalos de alta intensidade pode melhorar a função cardiovascular de pacientes com doenças crônicas e afetar as ondas de batimentos cardíacos. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos – investigação de resultados de tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The formation and propagation of pulse waves are mainly accomplished by coordinating the heart and the vascular system. The contraction and relaxation of the heart are the sources of pulse waves. The aorta vibrates regularly as the heart contracts. This vibration propagates forward along the elastic blood vessel to form a pulse wave. The pulse wave contains very rich physiological and pathological information about the cardiovascular system. If there is a problem with the heart's structure, it can cause abnormal pulse waveforms. Objective: This article analyzes pulse waveform changes and blood flow during high-intensity interval training. It combines the test results to guide the exercise rehabilitation treatment of patients with chronic diseases. Methods: Pulse waves were collected from subjects under different exercise loads and the characteristics of pulse wave parameters under intermittent exercise were studied. Results: An athlete's pulse wave response is different in the case of high-intensity intermittent exercise. There are differences in the cardiovascular response of patients with different body weights. Conclusion: High-intensity interval training can improve the cardiovascular function of patients with chronic diseases and affect their pulse waveform. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción: La formación y propagación de ondas de los latidos cardíacos resultan principalmente de la coordinación entre el corazón y el sistema vascular. La contracción y el relajamiento del corazón producen ondas de latido cardíaco. La aorta vibra regularmente a la medida que el corazón se contrae. La vibración se propaga en el vaso sanguíneo elástico para formar una onda de latido cardíaco. Esta onda contiene informaciones fisiológicas y patológicas muy ricas sobre el sistema cardiovascular. Si hay algún problema con la estructura cardíaca, puede causar ondas anormales. Objetivo: Este estudio analiza las alteraciones en ondas de latidos cardíacos y el flujo sanguíneo durante entrenamientos de intervalos de alta intensidad. Combina los resultados de las pruebas para orientar el tratamiento de ejercicios de rehabilitación en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas. Métodos: Ondas de latidos cardíacos se recogieron de individuos practicando ejercicios con carga diferentes. Las características de los parámetros de las ondas de latido cardíaco relacionadas a ejercicios intermitentes se estudiaron. Resultados: La respuesta de las ondas de latidos de atletas es diferente en ejercicios intermitentes de alta intensidad. Existen diferencias en la respuesta cardiovascular de pacientes con diferentes pesos corporales. Conclusión: El ejercicio de intervalos de alta intensidad puede mejorar la función cardiovascular de pacientes con enfermedades crónicas y afectar las ondas de latidos cardíacos. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos – investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

Abstract A leaf-disc-test method was used under controlled laboratory conditions to determine the feeding preference of Altica deserticola Latreille (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on leaves of two liquorice species, Glycyrrhiza inflata Batalin and G. uralensis Fisch. ex DC. Leaf hardness and thickness, cuticle thickness, and nitrogen and tannin contents were compared between the two liquorices to explore their feeding resistance to A. deserticola. The larvae ate only G. uralensis leaves, while the adults fed on the leaves of both species but preferred those of G. inflata. The leaf hardness and thickness and cuticle thickness, as well as the nitrogen, total tannins, tannin chemicals contents in leaves, were significantly greater in G. inflata than in G. uralensis. The larvae having smaller chewing mouthparts could not feed on hard leaves with thick cuticle on both sides. The thicker cuticle and harder texture of G. inflata blades may be important physical traits for effective defence against larval phytophagy, while the higher tannin content in its leaves may be an important chemical trait determining their feeding preference. The larger adults, having stronger mouthparts, could consume nitrogen-richer G. inflata leaves to obtain the energy needed for flight and reproduction.

Abstract Background: Histone acetylation is an important epigenetic modification that regulates gene activity in response to stress. Histone acetylation levels are reversibly regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). The imperative roles of HDACs in gene transcription, transcriptional regulation, growth and responses to stressful environment have been widely investigated in Arabidopsis. However, data regarding HDACs in kenaf crop has not been disclosed yet. Results: In this study, six HDACs genes (HcHDA2, HcHDA6, HcHDA8, HcHDA9, HcHDA19, and HcSRT2) were isolated and characterized. Phylogenetic tree revealed that these HcHDACs shared high degree of sequence homology with those of Gossypium arboreum. Subcellular localization analysis showed that GFP-tagged HcHDA2 and HcHDA8 were predominantly localized in the nucleus, HcHDA6 and HcHDA19 in nucleus and cytosol. The HcHDA9 was found in both nucleus and plasma membranes. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that the six HcHDACs genes were expressed with distinct expression patterns across plant tissues. Furthermore, we determined differential accumulation of HcHDACs transcripts under salt and drought treatments, indicating that these enzymes may participate in the biological process under stress in kenaf. Finally, we showed that the levels of histone H3 and H4 acetylation were modulated by salt and drought stress in kenaf. Conclusions: We have isolated and characterized six HDACs genes from kenaf. These data showed that HDACs are imperative players for growth and development as well abiotic stress responses in kenaf.

ABSTRACT Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), the vector of Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), is one of the major pests of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. lycopersicum), potentially causing up to 100% yield loss. The purpose of this research was to effectively reduce intrusion by B. tabaci and control damage from ToCV in protected cultivations. The treatments included the use of a regular solar greenhouse as a control (CK); greenhouses I and II with 60- and 80-mesh insect-proof nets, respectively, that were installed in both houses at the front and upper ventilations; and greenhouse III with the addition of not only the 80-mesh insect-proof net as in greenhouse II but also a ventilating pipeline to the back wall. The effects of mesh size and back wall ventilation on the greenhouse temperature and humidity, number of B. tabaci, and level of ToCV infection were studied. Under all conditions tested (from 2014-2016), the temperature of greenhouse III with installed netting was reduced by drilling holes through the back wall and nonsignificant difference existed in the average relative humidity between greenhouses II and III. Importantly, the number of B. tabaci and ToCV infection rate were effectively controlled in greenhouse III, ranging from 0.03 to 0.33 adults per sampled plant and from 0% to 6.67% of virus incidence. Thus, installing 80-mesh insect-proof netting at the front and upper ventilation areas as well as adding a ventilating pipeline to the back wall could effectively reduce the number of B. tabaci and prevent ToCV damage.

In this study, the effects of geraniin on osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(OPG/RANKL) in regulating the proliferation of osteoblasts and suppression of osteoclast-like cells (OLC) in OLC-osteoblast co-cultured system in vitro were investigated. Osteoblasts were cultured and identified with alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gomori stain, and mineralized nodule stain. OLCs were isolated from long bones of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and identified with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) stain. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was used to examine the proliferation of osteoblasts, and immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization to analyze the expression OPG/RANKL in osteoblasts co-cultured with osteoclasts under the action of geraniin, respectively. Geraniin could regulate the proliferation of osteoblasts MC3T3-E1, decrease the number of OLC in OLC-osteoblast co-cultured system, and inhibit the bone resorption areas and resorption pits of OLC in vitro experiments. Geraniin could promote the mRNA and protein expression levels of OPG and suppress those of RANKL in osteoblasts. These results indicate that geraniin has a promoting effect on the proliferation of osteoblasts and an inhibitory effect on the osteoclastic bone-resorption through regulating OPG/RANKL signaling pathway in OLC-OB co-cultured system.

Abstract Realgar is a naturally occurring arsenic sulfide (or Xionghuang, in Chinese). It contains over 90% tetra-arsenic tetrasulfide (As4S4). Currently, realgar has been confirmed the antitumor activities, both in vitro and in vivo, of realgar extracted using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans). Bioleaching, a new technology to greatly improve the use rate of arsenic extraction from realgar using bacteria, is a novel methodology that addressed a limitation of the traditional method for realgar preparation. The present systematic review reports on the research progress in realgar bioleaching and its antitumor mechanism as an anticancer agent. A total of 93 research articles that report on the biological activity of extracts from realgar using bacteria and its preparation were presented in this review. The realgar bioleaching solution (RBS) works by inducing apoptosis when it is used to treat tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. When it is used to treat animal model organisms in vivo, such as mice and Caenorhabditis elegans, tumor tissues grew more slowly, with mass necrosis. Meanwhile, the agent also showed obvious inhibition of tumor cell growth. Bioleaching technology greatly improves the utilization of realgar and is a novel methodology to improve the traditional method.

Single crystal of rare-earth polyphosphate Tm(PO3)3 has been grown under high temperature molten-salt method and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Using the four-dimensional superspace formalism for aperiodic structures, we performed the crystal structure refinement of Tm(PO3)3 as (3+1)-dimensional incommensurately modulated structure with monoclinic superspace group C2/c(0, 0.358, 0)s0 and α = 14.0620 (12) Å, b = 6.6612 (6) Å, c = 10.0191 (9) Å, β = 127.6043 (9)°, V = 743.51 (11) ų, Z = 4, Mr = 405.8, Dc = 3.626 g/cm³, F(000) = 744, μ(MoKα) = 12.60 mm'¹, R = 0.048 and ωR = 0.050. The structure features infinite chains of corner-sharing PO4 tetrahedra which are affected by positional modulation running along the b-axis. The final structure model was reasonable and did not show any unusual features.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of impulsive asymptotically almost periodic functions and prove some basic properties of such functions. Then, we discuss the existence and exponential stability of positive asymptotically almost periodic solution for an impulsive hematopoiesis model. An example is given to illustrate our results.

En este artículo, introducimos la noción de funciones impulsivas asintóticamente casi periódicas y probamos algunas propiedades básicas para dichas funciones. Luego, discutimos la existencia y estabilidad exponencial de soluciones positivas asintóticamente casi periódicas para un modelo impulsivo de hematopoyesis. Un ejemplo es dado para ilustrar nuestros resultados.

BACKGROUND: The development of clean or novel alternative energy has become a global trend that will shape the future of energy. In the present study, 3 microbial strains with different oxygen requirements, including Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047 and Kluyveromyces marxianus 15D, were used to construct a hydrogen production system that was composed of a mixed aerobic-facultative anaerobic-anaerobic consortium. The effects of metal ions, organic acids and carbohydrate substrates on this system were analyzed and compared using electrochemical and kinetic assays. It was then tested using small-scale experiments to evaluate its ability to convert starch in 5 L of organic wastewater into hydrogen. For the one-step biohydrogen production experiment, H1 medium (nutrient broth and potato dextrose broth) was mixed directly with GAM broth to generate H2 medium (H1 medium and GAM broth). Finally, Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047 and Kluyveromyces marxianus 15D of three species microbial co-culture to produce hydrogen under anaerobic conditions. For the two-step biohydrogen production experiment, the H1 medium, after cultured the microbial strains Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047 and Kluyveromyces marxianus 15D, was centrifuged to remove the microbial cells and then mixed with GAM broth (H2 medium). Afterward, the bacterial strain Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was inoculated into the H2 medium to produce hydrogen by anaerobic fermentation. RESULTS: The experimental results demonstrated that the optimum conditions for the small-scale fermentative hydrogen production system were at pH 7.0, 35°C, a mixed medium, including H1 medium and H2 medium with 0.50 mol/L ferrous chloride, 0.50 mol/L magnesium sulfate, 0.50 mol/L potassium chloride, 1% w/v citric acid, 5% w/v fructose and 5% w/v glucose. The overall hydrogen production efficiency in the shake flask fermentation group was 33.7 mL/h-1.L-1, and those the two-step and the one-step processes of the small-scale fermentative hydrogen production system were 41.2 mLVh-1.L-1 and 35.1 mL/h-1.L-1, respectively. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the results indicate that the hydrogen production efficiency of the two-step process is higher than that of the one-step process.